{"id":4013,"date":"2020-08-21T14:02:36","date_gmt":"2020-08-21T14:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/linuxiac.com\/?p=4013"},"modified":"2022-08-31T11:49:27","modified_gmt":"2022-08-31T11:49:27","slug":"how-to-check-for-open-ports-in-linux-with-netstat-lsof-and-nmap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/linuxiac.com\/how-to-check-for-open-ports-in-linux-with-netstat-lsof-and-nmap\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Check Open Ports in Linux with netstat, lsof, and nmap"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-ultimate-post-table-of-content ultp-block-fb0f8b\"><div class=\"ultp-block-wrapper\"><div class=\"ultp-block-toc\"><div class=\"ultp-toc-header\"><div class=\"ultp-toc-heading\">Table of Contents<\/div><div class=\"ultp-collapsible-toggle  ultp-collapsible-right\"><a class=\"ultp-collapsible-text ultp-collapsible-open\" href=\"javascript:;\">[Open]<\/a><a class=\"ultp-collapsible-text ultp-collapsible-hide\" href=\"javascript:;\">[Close]<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ultp-block-toc-style1 ultp-block-toc-body\" style=\"display:block;\"><ul class=\"ultp-toc-lists\"><li><a href=\"#h-check-for-open-ports-with-netstat\">Check for Open Ports with netstat<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-check-for-open-ports-with-lsof\">Check for Open Ports with lsof<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-check-for-open-ports-with-nmap\">Check for Open Ports with nmap<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-bottom-line\">Bottom Line<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>When troubleshooting network connectivity or application-specific issues, one of the first things to check should be what ports are actually in use on your system and which application is listening on a specific port.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A network port is identified by its number, the associated IP address, and the type of communication protocol, such as TCP or UDP. Above all, an open port is a <a href=\"https:\/\/linuxiac.com\/common-network-ports\/\">network port<\/a> on which an application or process listens, acting as a communication endpoint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each listening port can be open or closed (filtered) using a firewall. In general terms, an&nbsp;open port&nbsp;is a network port that accepts incoming packets from remote locations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-check-for-open-ports-with-netstat\">Check for Open Ports with netstat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Netstat (network statistics) is a command-line tool for monitoring incoming and outgoing network connections and viewing <a href=\"https:\/\/linuxiac.com\/how-to-set-static-ip-address-and-modifying-routing-table-on-linux\/\">routing tables<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/linuxiac.com\/how-to-manipulate-ethernet-card-on-linux-with-ethtool-command\/\">interface statistics<\/a>, etc. This tool is essential and valuable for&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/linuxiac.com\/terminal-based-linux-monitoring-tools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Linux network administrators and system administrators to monitor<\/a>&nbsp;and troubleshoot their network-related problems and determine network traffic performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To list all TCP or UDP ports that are being listened on, including the services using the ports and the socket status, use the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"hljs language-bash\">$ sudo netstat -tulnp<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n<pre title=\"Output\" class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code lang=\"xml\" class=\"hljs language-xml\">Active Internet connections (only servers)\nProto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID\/Program name    \ntcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:10024         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      24919\/amavisd    \ntcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:587             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      967\/master   \ntcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8080            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      800\/tinyproxy       \ntcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:465             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      967\/master          \ntcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:21              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      844\/pure-ftpd\ntcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      768\/sshd            \ntcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:25              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      967\/master          \ntcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:993             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001\/dovecot  \ntcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      823\/mysqld       \ntcp6       0      0 ::1:783                 :::*                    LISTEN      24911\/spamd.pid -d  \ntcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      781\/httpd         \ntcp6       0      0 :::21                   :::*                    LISTEN      844\/pure-ftpd \ntcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      768\/sshd            \ntcp6       0      0 :::25                   :::*                    LISTEN      967\/master        \ntcp6       0      0 :::993                  :::*                    LISTEN      1001\/dovecot        \ntcp6       0      0 :::995                  :::*                    LISTEN      1001\/dovecot        \nudp        0      0 0.0.0.0:47967           0.0.0.0:*                           460\/avahi-daemon: r \nudp        0      0 127.0.0.1:123           0.0.0.0:*                           472\/ntpd            \nudp        0      0 0.0.0.0:123             0.0.0.0:*                           472\/ntpd     \nudp6       0      0 :::123                  :::*                                472\/ntpd <\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The options used in this command have the following meaning:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>-t<\/code>: Show TCP ports.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>-u<\/code>: Show UDP ports.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>-l<\/code>: Show only listening ports.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>-n<\/code>: Show numerical addresses instead of resolving hosts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>-p<\/code>: Show the PID and name of the listener\u2019s process. This information is only shown if you run the command as root or <a href=\"https:\/\/linuxiac.com\/make-sudo-remember-password-longer\/\">sudo user<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The essential columns in our case are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Proto &#8211; The protocol used by the socket.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Local Address &#8211; The IP Address and port number the process listens to.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PID\/Program name &#8211; The PID and the name of the process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, if you want to filter the results, use the <code>grep<\/code>&nbsp;command. For example, to find what process listens on <a href=\"https:\/\/linuxiac.com\/ssh-to-port-other-than-22\/\">TCP port 22<\/a>, you would type:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"hljs language-bash\">$ sudo netstat -tulnp | grep :22<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n<pre title=\"Output\" class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code lang=\"xml\" class=\"hljs language-xml\">tcp     0      0 0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*         LISTEN      768\/sshd            \ntcp6    0      0 :::22             :::*              LISTEN      768\/sshd<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If the output is empty, nothing is listening on the port. For more about the&nbsp;<code>netstat<\/code>&nbsp;command in Linux, consult its&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/8\/netstat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">manual page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-check-for-open-ports-with-lsof\">Check for Open Ports with lsof<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lsof, meaning&nbsp;&#8216;<strong>LiSt Open Files<\/strong>,&#8217;&nbsp;is used to find out which files are open by which process. In Linux, everything is a file. You can think of a socket as a file that writes to the network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To get a list of all listening TCP ports with lsof&nbsp;type:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"hljs language-bash\">$ sudo lsof -nP -iTCP -sTCP:LISTEN<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n<pre title=\"Output\" class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code lang=\"xml\" class=\"hljs language-xml\">COMMAND     PID      USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE\/OFF NODE NAME\nsshd        768      root    3u  IPv4    16112      0t0  TCP *:22 (LISTEN)\nsshd        768      root    4u  IPv6    16114      0t0  TCP *:22 (LISTEN)\nhttpd       781      root    4u  IPv6    16328      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)\nhttpd       781      root    6u  IPv6    16336      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)\ntinyproxy   800 tinyproxy    0u  IPv4    16750      0t0  TCP *:8080 (LISTEN)\ntinyproxy   805 tinyproxy    0u  IPv4    16750      0t0  TCP *:8080 (LISTEN)\nmysqld      823     mysql   20u  IPv6    17479      0t0  TCP *:3306 (LISTEN)\npure-ftpd   844      root    4u  IPv4    16289      0t0  TCP *:21 (LISTEN)\npure-ftpd   844      root    5u  IPv6    16290      0t0  TCP *:21 (LISTEN)\nmaster      967      root   13u  IPv4    17225      0t0  TCP *:25 (LISTEN)\nmaster      967      root  103u  IPv4    17319      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:10025 (LISTEN)\ndovecot    1001      root   24u  IPv4    18600      0t0  TCP *:995 (LISTEN)\ndovecot    1001      root   37u  IPv6    18623      0t0  TCP *:993 (LISTEN)\nhttpd     24344    apache    4u  IPv6    16328      0t0  TCP *:80 (LISTEN)\nhttpd     24344    apache    6u  IPv6    16336      0t0  TCP *:443 (LISTEN)\n\/usr\/bin\/ 24911      root    5u  IPv4 25208447      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:783 (LISTEN)\n\/usr\/bin\/ 24911      root    6u  IPv6 25208449      0t0  TCP &#91;::1]:783 (LISTEN)\nspamd     24913      root    5u  IPv4 25208447      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:783 (LISTEN)\nspamd     24913      root    6u  IPv6 25208449      0t0  TCP &#91;::1]:783 (LISTEN)\n\/usr\/sbin 24919    amavis    5u  IPv4 25208583      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:10024 (LISTEN)\n\/usr\/sbin 24919    amavis    6u  IPv6 25208584      0t0  TCP &#91;::1]:10024 (LISTEN)\nsmtpd     28403   postfix    6u  IPv4    17225      0t0  TCP *:25 (LISTEN)\nsmtpd     28403   postfix    7u  IPv6    17226      0t0  TCP *:25 (LISTEN)<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The options used are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>-n<\/code>: Do not convert port numbers to port names.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>-P<\/code>: Do not resolve hostnames, show numerical addresses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>-iTCP -sTCP:LISTEN<\/code>: Show only network files with TCP state LISTEN.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To find what process is listening on a particular port, for example, port 3306,&nbsp;you would use:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"hljs language-bash\">$ sudo lsof -nP -iTCP:3306 -sTCP:LISTEN<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n<pre title=\"Output\" class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code lang=\"xml\" class=\"hljs language-xml\">COMMAND PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE\/OFF NODE NAME\nmysqld  823 mysql   20u  IPv6  17479      0t0  TCP *:3306 (LISTEN)<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The output shows that the <a href=\"https:\/\/linuxiac.com\/mysql-docker-container\/\">MySQL server<\/a> uses port 3306.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For more about&nbsp;<code>lsof<\/code>&nbsp;command in Linux, consult its&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/8\/lsof\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">manual page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-check-for-open-ports-with-nmap\">Check for Open Ports with nmap<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nmap, or <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/nmap.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Network Mapper<\/a><\/strong>, is an open-source Linux command-line tool for network exploration and security auditing. With nmap, server administrators can quickly reveal hosts and services, search for security issues, and&nbsp;scan open ports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>nmap<\/code> command&nbsp;can be used to check a single port or a series of ports are open.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s how to scan port 80 on the target system:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"hljs language-bash\">$ sudo nmap -p 80 192.168.0.1<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n<pre title=\"Output\" class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code lang=\"xml\" class=\"hljs language-xml\">Nmap scan report for 192.168.0.1\nHost is up (0.000073s latency).\nPORT   STATE SERVICE\n80\/tcp open  http\n\nNmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.26 seconds<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Scan ports 1 through 200 on the target system:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"hljs language-bash\">$ sudo nmap -p 1-200 192.168.0.1<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n<pre title=\"Output\" class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code lang=\"xml\" class=\"hljs language-javascript language-xml\">Starting Nmap <span class=\"hljs-number\">6.40<\/span> ( http:<span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/nmap.org ) at 2020-08-21 16:42 EEST<\/span>\nNmap scan report <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">192.168<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">.0<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">.1<\/span>\nHost is up (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.0000080<\/span>s latency).\nNot shown: <span class=\"hljs-number\">196<\/span> closed ports\nPORT   STATE SERVICE\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">21<\/span>\/tcp open  ftp\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">22<\/span>\/tcp open  ssh\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>\/tcp open  smtp\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">80<\/span>\/tcp open  http\n\nNmap done: <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> IP address (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> host up) scanned <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">1.45<\/span> seconds<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Scan (fast) the most common ports:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"hljs language-bash\">$ sudo nmap -F 192.168.0.1<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n<pre title=\"Output\" class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code lang=\"xml\" class=\"hljs language-javascript language-xml\">Starting Nmap <span class=\"hljs-number\">6.40<\/span> ( http:<span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/nmap.org ) at 2020-08-21 16:44 EEST<\/span>\nNmap scan report <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">192.168<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">.0<\/span><span class=\"hljs-number\">.1<\/span>\nHost is up (<span class=\"hljs-number\">0.000014<\/span>s latency).\nNot shown: <span class=\"hljs-number\">89<\/span> closed ports\nPORT     STATE SERVICE\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">21<\/span>\/tcp   open  ftp\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">22<\/span>\/tcp   open  ssh\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">25<\/span>\/tcp   open  smtp\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">80<\/span>\/tcp   open  http\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">443<\/span>\/tcp  open  https\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">465<\/span>\/tcp  open  smtps\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">587<\/span>\/tcp  open  submission\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">993<\/span>\/tcp  open  imaps\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">995<\/span>\/tcp  open  pop3s\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">3306<\/span>\/tcp open  mysql\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">8080<\/span>\/tcp open  http-proxy\n\nNmap done: <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> IP address (<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> host up) scanned <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">1.46<\/span> seconds<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bottom-line\">Bottom Line<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, checking which ports are open and what information can be obtained from the services accepting connections on those ports gives you the information you need to lock down your server. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, any extraneous information leaked out of your machine can be used by a malicious user to try to exploit known vulnerabilities or develop new ones. The less they can figure out, the better.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article explains how to use the netstat, lsof, and nmap commands to find out which services are listening on which ports.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":12403,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,4417],"tags":[2035,2034,2036,2033],"class_list":["post-4013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tips","category-linux-knowledge","tag-lsof","tag-netstat","tag-nmap","tag-port"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6},"post_title_panel":"","has_hero_section":"default","626122851fc06b8b30a32b904b32501b":"","hero_section":"type-2","hero_elements":[{"id":"custom_title","enabled":true,"heading_tag":"h1","title":"Home","__id":"DdhwFd5hSE64n8BTK1K5I"},{"id":"custom_description","enabled":false,"description_visibility":{"desktop":true,"tablet":true,"mobile":false},"__id":"iAHrBa79LGjUaNrnvUQRh"},{"id":"custom_meta","enabled":true,"meta_elements":[{"id":"author","enabled":true,"label":"By","has_author_avatar":"yes","avatar_size":50,"__id":"Rql_hgzCMYZT7GV-kiDe6"},{"id":"post_date","enabled":false,"label":"On","date_format_source":"default","date_format":"M 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